Stone Age begun at least one million years ago
Other · asked by user [] · 2010-03-18 · 11 answers
Published online 17 March 2010 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nature08844.html
Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago
Adam Brumm1, Gitte M. Jensen2, Gert D. van den Bergh1,3, Michael J. Morwood1, Iwan Kurniawan4, Fachroel Aziz4 & Michael Storey2
Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
Quaternary Dating Laboratory, Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Naturalis, the National Museum of Natural History, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
Geological Survey Institute, Bandung 40122, Republic of Indonesia
Correspondence to: Adam Brumm1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.B. (Email: abrumm@uow.edu.au).
Top of pagePrevious excavations at Mata Menge and Boa Lesa in the Soa Basin of Flores, Indonesia, recovered stone artefacts in association with fossilized remains of the large-bodied Stegodon florensis florensis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Zircon fission-track ages from these sites indicated that hominins had colonized the island by 0.88uc0u8201 'b1u8201 0.07 million years (Myr) ago6. Here we describe the contents, context and age of Wolo Sege, a recently discovered archaeological site in the Soa Basin that has in situ stone artefacts and that lies stratigraphically below Mata Menge and immediately above the basement breccias of the basin. We show using 40Ar/39Ar dating that an ignimbrite overlying the artefact layers at Wolo Sege was erupted 1.02u8201 'b1u8201 0.02u8201 Myr ago, providing a new minimum age for hominins on Flores. This predates the disappearance from the Soa Basin of '91pygmy'92 Stegodon sondaari and Geochelone spp. (giant tortoise), as evident at the nearby site of Tangi Talo, which has been dated to 0.90u8201 'b1u8201 0.07u8201 Myr ago10. It now seems that this extirpation or possible extinction event and the associated faunal turnover were the result of natural processes rather than the arrival of hominins9. It also appears that the volcanic and fluvio-lacustrine deposits infilling the Soa Basin may not be old enough to register the initial arrival of hominins on the island.
Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago
Adam Brumm1, Gitte M. Jensen2, Gert D. van den Bergh1,3, Michael J. Morwood1, Iwan Kurniawan4, Fachroel Aziz4 & Michael Storey2
Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
Quaternary Dating Laboratory, Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Naturalis, the National Museum of Natural History, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
Geological Survey Institute, Bandung 40122, Republic of Indonesia
Correspondence to: Adam Brumm1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.B. (Email: abrumm@uow.edu.au).
Top of pagePrevious excavations at Mata Menge and Boa Lesa in the Soa Basin of Flores, Indonesia, recovered stone artefacts in association with fossilized remains of the large-bodied Stegodon florensis florensis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Zircon fission-track ages from these sites indicated that hominins had colonized the island by 0.88uc0u8201 'b1u8201 0.07 million years (Myr) ago6. Here we describe the contents, context and age of Wolo Sege, a recently discovered archaeological site in the Soa Basin that has in situ stone artefacts and that lies stratigraphically below Mata Menge and immediately above the basement breccias of the basin. We show using 40Ar/39Ar dating that an ignimbrite overlying the artefact layers at Wolo Sege was erupted 1.02u8201 'b1u8201 0.02u8201 Myr ago, providing a new minimum age for hominins on Flores. This predates the disappearance from the Soa Basin of '91pygmy'92 Stegodon sondaari and Geochelone spp. (giant tortoise), as evident at the nearby site of Tangi Talo, which has been dated to 0.90u8201 'b1u8201 0.07u8201 Myr ago10. It now seems that this extirpation or possible extinction event and the associated faunal turnover were the result of natural processes rather than the arrival of hominins9. It also appears that the volcanic and fluvio-lacustrine deposits infilling the Soa Basin may not be old enough to register the initial arrival of hominins on the island.
user [265] · 2010-03-18
Lots of stone tools were found in Africa that are much older (at least 2.5 mln years ago), but such finds in Asia are very rare.user [464] · 2010-03-18
Breaking news: scientists change theory again.user [265] · 2010-03-18
[quote][cite] mung:[/cite]Breaking news: scientists change theory again.[/quote]At least they are willing to admit they were wrong... ;)
user [343] · 2010-03-18
[p]Yes and the scientists current theory on mans spread through out the world is that approx 70,000 years ago man kind left the African basin and started to wonder into other parts of the world. They say that man kind hit Australia 40,000 years ago. Well they just discovered human footprints and bones in Australia dating back 60,000-70,000 which is now throwing their spread theories upside down. They cannot even get the last 100,000 years right what to speak of a million years ago.[/p]
[p]
When I think of epistemology and their process of speculate then propose a theory, get your theory rubber stamped by your like minded associates then start teaching it at universities as the current accepted theory but start teaching it in schools as fact, I cant help but picture a group of old men wandering around in some dark cavern hoping to find the way out, yet are ecstatic that the masses are right behind them as they in their blindness edge closer and closer to the abyss.[/p]
[p]
One might initially credit science with positive things like modern age medicine, but then when you look deeper into the facts and discover that more than 50% of the ailments that people are hospitalized for are due to the medicines that were given to them to fix their initial problems, then you discover the financial billions that are made by keeping people in an endless health crisis. Yes we have a lot to thank the scientists for.[/p]
[p]
What has been created is a system of smart slavery, 200-300 years ago slaves were housed and fed and kept in chains, now the so called modern age people work like slaves for the Global Banks of the world who create money out of thin air and demand people spend a lifetime paying the interest on that borrowed money that was created on a computer, the modern day slaves house and feed themselves and work like slaves to pay for it, most have futile dreams that will never be realised, they are kept docile by a constant diet of alcohol, meat, sport events and rock stars that pretend to be gods. They are chasing endless dreams of illusory happiness while the power mongers of the planet grow fat and start wars in foreign countries as they play with international politics like one would in a game of chess hoping to win more power and influence.[/p]
[p]
Srila Prabhupada was right you are either the cheater or the cheated you have but one freedom choice, serve Krishna or serve your senses, serve your illusion and the misery that comes with that. I prefer to take the red tablet that Srila Prabhupada offered because he was the only one that showed us how deep the rabbit hole goes! Your only other choice is to take the blue tablet of Maya and go back to sleep in the matrix of illusion, pretending that you are this body and that one day all of your dreams will be fulfilled before that inevitable blow of death takes you out.[/p]
I am not an Illuminati freak so I dont agree with all of these ideas but some items in these videos are spot on:
[p][youtube]67xw2ScYjVs[/youtube]
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user [265] · 2010-03-19
It is very easy to complain. We can complain that the modern science isnt perfect, that the illuminati control the world, that the modern medicine isnt curing people... whine, whine, whine...So what is stopping devotees, who supposedly have ALL the answers, from presenting the best science, the best government, the best medicine and take over the world?
Devotees argue like cats and dogs over the details of their own dogmatic doctrine, unable to come to any conclusions. They cant manage their own movement without losing most of their assets and converts. They cant put together their own school system and they cant put together a single working farm that makes money... yet they continue to badmouth everybody and everything around them.... isnt that wonderful?
Only a total fool would go to a beggar on the street to ask him for help in putting his life together.
user [343] · 2010-03-19
>>So what is stopping devotees, who supposedly have ALL the answers, from presenting the best science, the best government, the best medicine and take over the world?...Only a total fool would go to a beggar on the street to ask him for help in putting his life together. No one here proposed that and as we all know they simply dont have all the answers to societies problems and like I said I am not a believer in the illuminati secret society, but I am also not in total illusion as to how it all works.
The Federal Reserve do create money out of thin air and lend it to the Banks with interest on top, so society is living in perpetual debt. The Federal Reserves are controlled by the most powerful families in the world. Just a simple fact. If you or I create money thats called counterfeit and we would get locked up in prison for it, but the Federal Reserve do it all the time. President Richard Nixon delinked the dollar from gold in 1971 allowing the Federal Reserve to print money on demand.
It is also a fact that Corporate Medical Organisations are profit not health orientated, they care more about their stock prices than they do about the side effects of the medicine they produce, and side effects are profitable because they can supply other drugs that help with those and cause additional side effects.
These are just simple facts. I live in this society and I pay taxes so I have a right to complain, whine, object, voice my opinion. That is how things are changed when the common man refuses to accept and there is a public outcry. Unfortunately in this day and age people are too lazy to be concerned. Its a society of pop up toasters and television sets. As long as peoples toast is popping up and their TV set works, thats all they care about is themselves, content to be fed on the bullshit that society puts out.
If you care to place your faith in the Scientists and the political leaders of the day then good luck, I would rather place mine in Srila Prabhupada and his teachings because he gave us the knowledge needed to deal with the predicament we all find ourselves in, not how to fix the world but how to fix ourselves, through his teachings we can see through the illusion.
user [265] · 2010-03-19
I think you missed my point, prabhu... I have very few illusions regarding modern society, politics, or modern science. But I also have very few illusions regarding criticizing the outside world without creating a better alternative - that is as much of a cheating as what we criticize. Devotees have been passing postdated checks for a very long time and it certainly caught up with them. When you fail to deliver what you have promised, you lose your credibility. It is all painfully simple.I have no problem understanding our tradition in the light of BOTH shastra and empirical evidence. Neither did Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura had a problem with this approach, blazing a trail for devotees like me.
Posting this article I was actually thinking about Lord Ramacandra and his Vanara army... were Vanaras a type of humanoid species? It was a very long time ago, perhaps as much as 2 million years.
user [343] · 2010-03-19
I am not criticizing the outside world with an alternative in mind, (it is not outside for me I live in it so its my world), personally I think that is a mistake. If you wish to effect or change anything it is important to work from within. The Gaudiya Vaisnavas are a part of society and should also work within it as many do. The separation attitude (us and them..the karmis) mostly an Iskcon sub culture item and I agree KP that those crazy notions put forward in the past by Iskconites of reviving the old ways and taking over society was as bad if not worse than people who think the aliens will come and fix everything., you seem to have misunderstood me on that point.I also have no problem understanding our tradition in the light of shastra and empirical evidence, but where it is wrong and false it should be challenged and there are many things wrong in modern society. Science has and will continue to discover many things that are useful, like the power of flight etc etc. But Science is also writing post dated checks, they said in the 70s that soon they will discover how to create life and a few years ago they were also saying this will be the last generation that has to die, they think through understanding the gnome they will be able to simply switch death off. Sure give science credit where credit is due, but when a theory makes its way into the school books as fact then some serious questions need to be asked. History within the last few hundred years has proven that science always gives way to power and profit and many scientists are funded by big business which is also shaping our current world. My issue is not really with scientists, as they generally produce something that is useful. Its the power mungers and global banks that seek to enslave us in perpetual debt thats what needs to be undone.
There are personal alternatives which allows one to unplug yourself from the illusion as Srila Prabhupada taught us, but society alternatives? There arent really, sure different political systems will come and go but at the end of the day all of these are materially motivated. Yes we have all heard about Varnashram, but I havent seen one small example where this works.
But I take your point on your thinking about Ramachandra and his Vanara army.
user [638] · 2010-09-24
"Stone Age begun at least one million years ago"there are different speculations on this subject, but why not take precise numbers from scriptures?
scientists do not precisely - this have many oppinions, but they are mostly useless - they speak of Big Bang etc without relationship to God (Krishna-Caitanya), so even if they juggle large numbers like millions and billions of years, we have even more precise and more convincing facts - life on higher planets, including highest material planet (Satyaloka) - of Brahma. And that includes many "Stone Ages"... Of which stone age it is about? If during life of Brahma there are 504-000 Manus, and each Manu lives for seventy-one yugas (=71* 4320000 years).
"http://vedabase.net/sb/1/3/5/en1
The next incarnations are the Manus. Within one days duration of the life of Brahma (which is calculated by our solar year as 4,300,000 x 1,000 years) there are fourteen Manus. Therefore there are 420 Manus in one month of Brahma and 5,040 Manus in one year of Brahma. Brahma lives for one hundred years of his age, and therefore there are 5,040 x 100 or 504,000 Manus in the duration of Brahmas life. There are innumerable universes, with one Brahma in each of them, and all of them are created and annihilated during the breathing time of the purusha. Therefore one can simply imagine how many millions of Manus there are during one breath of the purusha."Srimad Bhagavatam 1.3.5
"Each Manu lives 4,320,000 years multiplied by 71. "
Srimad Bhagavatam 4.30.49 (http://vedabase.net/sb/4/30/49/en2)
But there are so many Brahmas in each Brahmanda, whic hcome from Mahavishnus breathing. And He is also not Supreme destination, as there is also Sankarshana, then Narayana, again caturvyuha with Sankarshana, Balarama and Krishna as source of all expansions. So this ""Stone Age begun at least one million years ago" is not very wonderful, IMHO.
user [366] · 2010-09-25
SB 1.1.10: O learned one, in this iron age of Kali men have but short lives. They are quarrelsome, lazy, misguided, unlucky and, above all, always disturbed.Devotees shouldnt forget this applies to ISKCON as well.
user [154] · 2010-09-25
"Amongst ourselves there *must* be very liberal and friendly dealings. This is not an ordinary thing that if somebody has got some fault he should be cut. He should be reformed by amicable dealings. We are training our men since a long time. It is very difficult to get trained up assistants."(Srila Prabhupada letter 5 September 1974)